Concrete foundation
The layer of concrete in the construction of floor can on occasion serve as ready to exploitation, by nothing the no longer protected coverage, however, more frequent from a concrete execute the intermediate – subject or basic bearings layers of construction with the further causing on their surface of the industrial or decorative sheeting of different type(consolidating topping, self-levellings coverages on the basis of mineral astringent, linoleum, kovrolin, parquet, jointless coverages on the basis of polymeric resins, ceramic tile et al).
Construction of floor wholly (amount of layers, their thickness, quality of soil or description of ceilings of intermediate floors, composition of sandy and macadam pillow, type of gidroizolation and type of coverage), and also quality each of separate concrete layers of floor can be different depending on mechanical, chemical, temperature and other operating loadings on the floor in a concrete apartment with to the proper project requirements.
Draft, distributing loading from a power layer and laying concrete layer is not the basic bearing durable element of construction of floor, and also not used as overhead, directly loaded coverage, therefore he can be executed from the concrete of brand not higher M150 and without application of reinforcing elements. Requirements, produced to relief of surface of subject layers, are not high also.
Basic, bearing the mechanical loading, the layer of construction of floor is usually executed on the basis of concrete by the brands of M300 and higher, with obligatory re-enforcement. The type of subsequent coverage is chosen according to a size and type of other loadings (chemical, wearing down and pr.), directly affecting surface of floor. As re-enforcement use either a fibre (steel or polymeric) or armature net from steel or basaltic twigs. Amount of fibre (determined as gravimetric maintenance is in 1 m3 of concrete), diameter of armature twigs, size of cell of reinforcing net, method of connection of twigs in a net (tying up or welding) and amount of layers of re-enforcement determined a project, made on the basis of the planned operating loadings on the floor.
At the choice of concrete for the device of floors the type of filler is also taken into account (granit macadam – for heavy concretes, Leca – for lights et cetera). For the receipt of different durable or technological features of concrete apply the fillers of different sizes (factions) and different form.
At the choice of concrete also take into account his plasticity, water resistance and other technological and operating indexes, that, in the end, accordance of concrete floor his project descriptions guarantees. Requirement to quality of surface of concrete layers of floor (type of superficial treatment, roughness, general relief of plane of floor and pr.) determined the type of subsequent coverages (roll, shield, liquid et cetera)
